[Editorial] Toward an East Asian Community

When the leaders of 13 East Asian nations agreed at a meeting in Laos earlier this week to hold the first East Asian summit in Kuala Lumpur next year, they set in motion a historic process aimed at creating an East Asian version of the European Union. Only several years ago, the concept of an East Asian Community was something unthinkable. But an array of factors, including the common experience of the 1997-98 financial crisis and the deepening globalization trend, changed East Asian thinking on regional integration.

We welcome the historic decision. In fact, East Asia should have moved toward a regional grouping much earlier, given its huge economic potential and the existence of large trading blocs in other regions of the world. The 13 nations in East Asia - the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and China, Japan and Korea - have about 2 billion people, one third of the world population, with their combined GDP accounting for about 20 percent of the world`s aggregate GDP. They also hold almost half of the total foreign exchange reserves of the world.

The 13 nations have already laid some groundwork for economic integration. For instance, during their summit in Vientiane, the ASEAN+3 nations signed 35 bilateral or multilateral agreements, including the landmark free trade agreement between China and ASEAN. These agreements are seen as the building blocks for an eventual region-wide free trade area, the East Asian Free Trade Area.

But the path to a bona fide regional community is highly likely to have pitfalls. Major obstacles include the great diversities among the 13 countries, especially the large gaps in the level of economic development, and the lack of a mechanism for regional cooperation among the three Northeast Asian nations. Especially, the competition between China and Japan for influence in the region could pose a serious threat to the whole endeavor.

Yet competition is not limited to China versus Japan. ASEAN is also jockeying for position against formidable partners. The launch of the East Asian Summit signifies the beginning of a transition from the ASEAN+3 arrangement to the East Asian Community. This anticipated transition could set off competition between ASEAN and the three northern partners. As long as ASEAN+3 is the format, ASEAN members have the initiative. But in an East Asian Community, the three players will want more say.

Here lies a unique role that Korea can play. It can act as a balancer between China and Japan on the one hand and between the Three and ASEAN on the other. In fact, under the leadership of former President Kim Dae-jung, Korea made the largest contribution to strengthening cooperation between ASEAN and the Three. It played the role of a think tank through the establishment and operation of the East Asia Vision Group and the East Asia Study Group, which are credited with providing key concepts for integration.

Since the inauguration of the incumbent government, however, Seoul`s influence weakened due to its focus on the North Korea nuclear issue and its efforts to make the nation a Northeast Asia business hub. Now that the integration process has started, the government is urged to play its balancing role more actively. Detached from such divisive issues of the region as the territorial disputes in the South China Sea and Myanmar`s repression of democratic movements, Korea is in good position to adjust the conflicts of interest among partners.

The Korean government is also urged to accelerate free trade negotiations with ASEAN and other countries, including Japan. During the summit in Vientiane, it announced the conclusion of negotiations with Singapore, Korea`s second FTA partner after Chile. A laggard in FTAs, Korea needs to speed up the process of establishing bilateral ties with its major trading partners.

[»ç¼³] µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ ÇâÇؼ­

À̹ø ÁÖ ÃÊ ¶ó¿À½º¿¡¼­ ¿­¸° ȸÀÇ¿¡¼­ 13°³ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±¹°¡ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ ³»³â Äí¾Ë¶ó·ëǪ¸£¿¡¼­ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ Á¤»óȸ´ãÀ» °³ÃÖÇÑ´Ù´Â µ¥ ÇÕÀÇÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó À̵é ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÆÇ À¯·´¿¬ÇÕ (EU) ¼³¸³À» ¸ñÇ¥·Î ÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû °úÁ¤¿¡ µ¹ÀÔÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ºÒ°ú ¸î ³âÀü¸¸ Çصµ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ °øµ¿Ã¼¶ó´Â °³³äÀº »ý°¢Çϱ⠾î·Á¿î °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª 1997-98³â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¿Üȯ À§±â, ±Û·Î¹ú Ãß¼¼ÀÇ ½ÉÈ­ µî ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¿äÀεéÀº Áö¿ª ÅëÇÕ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ »ç°í¸¦ º¯È­½ÃÄ×´Ù.

¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû °á´ÜÀ» ȯ¿µÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î °Å´ëÇÑ °æÁ¦Àû ÀáÀç·Â°ú ¿©Å¸ ¼¼°è Áö¿ª ³» ´ë±Ô¸ð ¹«¿ª ºí·ÏÀÇ Á¸Àç µîÀ» °¨¾ÈÇÒ ¶§ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ Áö¿ªÀº º¸´Ù ÀÏÂï Áö¿ª ÅëÇÕ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ÃßÁøÇß¾î¾ß Çß´Ù. ¾Æ¼¼¾È ȸ¿ø±¹ 10°³±¹°ú Áß±¹, ÀϺ», Çѱ¹ µî 3°³±¹À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ 13°³ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±¹°¡ÀÇ Àα¸´Â ¾à 20¾ïÀ¸·Î ¼¼°è Àα¸ÀÇ 3ºÐÀÇ 1À» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í ÀÌµé ±¹°¡ÀÇ ÃÑ ±¹³»ÃÑ»ý»ê (GDP)Àº Àü¼¼°è GDPÀÇ ¾à 20%¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌµé ±¹°¡µéÀº ¶Ç Àü¼¼°è ÃÑ ¿Üȯº¸À¯°íÀÇ °ÅÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù.

À̵é 13°³ ±¹°¡µéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì °æÁ¦ ÅëÇÕÀ» À§ÇÑ »ó´çÇÑ ±â¹ÝÀ» ´Û¾Ò´Ù. ÀÏ·Ê·Î ºñ¿£Æ¼¾È¿¡¼­ ¿­¸° Á¤»óȸ´ã ±â°£ Áß ¾Æ¼¼¾È Ç÷¯½º 3°³±¹Àº Áß±¹°ú ¾Æ¼¼¾È°£ ÀÚÀ¯¹«¿ªÇùÁ¤ (FTA) ü°áÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇØ 35°³ÀÇ ¾çÀÚ°£ ¶Ç´Â ´ÙÀÚ°£ ÇùÁ¤¿¡ Á¶ÀÎÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇùÁ¤µéÀº °á±¹ Áö¿ª Àü¹Ý¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ÀÚÀ¯¹«¿ªÁö´ëÀÎ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÚÀ¯¹«¿ªÁö´ë ¼³¸³À» À§ÇÑ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î º¸¿©Áø´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Áö¿ª °øµ¿Ã¼·Î °¡´Â ±æ¿¡´Â À§ÇèÇÑ ÇÔÁ¤ÀÌ ³õ¿© ÀÖÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä Àå¾Ö¹°·Î °æÁ¦¹ßÀü ¼öÁØÀÇ Ä¿´Ù¶õ °ÝÂ÷¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ 13°³±¹°£ ´Ù¾ç¼º°ú 3°³ µ¿ºÏ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±¹°¡°£ Áö¿ª Çù·ÂÀ» À§ÇÑ Ã¼°èÀÇ ºÎÀç µîÀ» µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ Áö¿ª ³» ¿µÇâ·Â °­È­¸¦ ³ë¸®´Â Áß±¹°ú ÀϺ»°£ °æÀïÀº Áö¿ªÅëÇÕ ³ë·Â¿¡ ½É°¢ÇÑ À§ÇùÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

±×·¯³ª °æÀïÀÌ Áß±¹°ú ÀϺ» »çÀÌ¿¡ ±¹ÇÑµÈ °Í¸¸Àº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¼¼¾È ±¹°¡µéµµ ¸·°­ÇÑ Áö¿ª ±¹°¡µéº¸´Ù ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ ÁöÀ§¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÒ ¹æ¾ÈÀ» ¸ð»öÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ Á¤»óȸ´ãÀÇ Ãâ¹üÀº ¾Æ¼¼¾È Ç÷¯½º 3 ü°è¿¡¼­ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ °øµ¿Ã¼·ÎÀÇ ÀÌÇàÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ °øµ¿Ã¼·ÎÀÇ ÀÌÇàÀÌ ¾Æ¼¼¾È°ú 3°³ µ¿ºÏ¾Æ ±¹°¡ »çÀÌ¿¡ °æÀïÀ» Ã˹߽Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¼¼¾È Ç÷¯½º 3 ü°è ÇÏ¿¡¼­´Â ¾Æ¼¼¾È ȸ¿ø±¹µéÀÌ ÁÖµµ±ÇÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ °øµ¿Ã¼¿¡¼­´Â µ¿ºÏ¾Æ 3°³±¹ÀÇ ¹ß¾ð±ÇÀÌ ´õ¿í Ä¿Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¹Ù·Î ¿©±â¿¡ Çѱ¹ÀÌ ¼öÇàÇÒ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹Àº Áß±¹°ú ÀϺ» »çÀÌ¿¡ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â µ¿ºÏ¾Æ 3°³±¹°ú ¾Æ¼¼¾È ȸ¿ø±¹ »çÀÌ¿¡ ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃß´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ±è´ëÁß Àü ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÁøµÎÁöÈÖ ÇÏ¿¡ Çѱ¹Àº ¾Æ¼¼¾È°ú µ¿ºÏ¾Æ 3±¹°£ Çù·Â °­È­¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ±â¿©¸¦ Çß´Ù. Çѱ¹Àº Áö¿ª ÅëÇÕÀ» À§ÇÑ ÇÙ½É °³³äÀ» Á¦°øÇß´Ù´Â Æò°¡¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾ÆºñÀü±×·ì°ú µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¬±¸±×·ìÀÇ ¼³¸³°ú ¿î¿µÀ» ÅëÇØ ½ÌÅ©ÅÊÅ©·Î¼­ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒµµ ¼öÇàÇß´Ù.

±×·¯³ª Çö Á¤ºÎ Ãâ¹ü ÀÌ·¡·Î ºÏÇÙ ¹®Á¦¿¡ º¸´Ù ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í µ¿ºÏ¾Æ Á߽ɱ¹°¡·Î ºÎ»óÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀº ¾àÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ Áö¿ª ÅëÇÕ ÀýÂ÷°¡ ½ÃÀ۵ǾúÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸® Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±ÕÇü À¯ÁöÀڷμ­ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» º¸´Ù Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇÒ °ÍÀ» Ã˱¸ÇÑ´Ù. Áß±¹ ³²ÇØ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿µÅä ºÐÀï, ¹Ì¾á¸¶ÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ ¿îµ¿ ź¾Ð µî°ú °°ÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Áö¿ª À̽´¿Í Á÷Á¢Àû °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Â Çѱ¹Àº ´ç»ç±¹°£ ÀÌÇØÃæµ¹À» Á¶Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ÀÔÀåÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¿ì¸® Á¤ºÎ´Â ¾Æ¼¼¾È ȸ¿ø±¹°ú ÀϺ»À» ºñ·ÔÇÑ ±âŸ ±¹°¡µé°úÀÇ FTA Çù»óÀ» °¡¼ÓÈ­ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºñ¿£Æ¼¿£¿¡¼­ÀÇ Á¤»óȸ´ã ±â°£ Áß Çѱ¹Àº Ä¥·¹¿¡ ÀÌ¾î µÎ¹ø° FTA ÆÄÆ®³Ê·Î¼­ ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£¿Í FTA ÇùÁ¤À» ü°áÇϱâ·Î °áÁ¤Çß´Ù. FTA¿Í °ü·ÃÇØ Å©°Ô µÚÃÄÁ® ÀÖ´Â Çѱ¹Àº ÁÖ¿ä ±³¿ª ÆÄÆ®³Êµé°úÀÇ ¾çÀÚ°£ FTA ÇùÁ¤ ü°á¿¡ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ³¾ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

(Korea Herald 2004-12-2)